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//! # Serde
//!
//! Serde is a framework for ***ser***ializing and ***de***serializing Rust data
//! structures efficiently and generically.
//!
//! The Serde ecosystem consists of data structures that know how to serialize
//! and deserialize themselves along with data formats that know how to
//! serialize and deserialize other things. Serde provides the layer by which
//! these two groups interact with each other, allowing any supported data
//! structure to be serialized and deserialized using any supported data format.
//!
//! usage examples.
//!
//! ## Design
//!
//! Where many other languages rely on runtime reflection for serializing data,
//! Serde is instead built on Rust's powerful trait system. A data structure
//! that knows how to serialize and deserialize itself is one that implements
//! Serde's `Serialize` and `Deserialize` traits (or uses Serde's derive
//! attribute to automatically generate implementations at compile time). This
//! avoids any overhead of reflection or runtime type information. In fact in
//! many situations the interaction between data structure and data format can
//! be completely optimized away by the Rust compiler, leaving Serde
//! serialization to perform the same speed as a handwritten serializer for the
//! specific selection of data structure and data format.
//!
//! ## Data formats
//!
//! The following is a partial list of data formats that have been implemented
//! for Serde by the community.
//!
//! - [JSON], the ubiquitous JavaScript Object Notation used by many HTTP APIs.
//! - [Postcard], a no\_std and embedded-systems friendly compact binary format.
//! - [CBOR], a Concise Binary Object Representation designed for small message
//! size without the need for version negotiation.
//! - [YAML], a self-proclaimed human-friendly configuration language that ain't
//! markup language.
//! - [MessagePack], an efficient binary format that resembles a compact JSON.
//! - [TOML], a minimal configuration format used by [Cargo].
//! - [Pickle], a format common in the Python world.
//! - [RON], a Rusty Object Notation.
//! - [BSON], the data storage and network transfer format used by MongoDB.
//! - [Avro], a binary format used within Apache Hadoop, with support for schema
//! definition.
//! - [JSON5], a superset of JSON including some productions from ES5.
//! - [URL] query strings, in the x-www-form-urlencoded format.
//! - [Starlark], the format used for describing build targets by the Bazel and
//! Buck build systems. *(serialization only)*
//! - [Envy], a way to deserialize environment variables into Rust structs.
//! *(deserialization only)*
//! - [Envy Store], a way to deserialize [AWS Parameter Store] parameters into
//! Rust structs. *(deserialization only)*
//! - [S-expressions], the textual representation of code and data used by the
//! Lisp language family.
//! - [D-Bus]'s binary wire format.
//! - [FlexBuffers], the schemaless cousin of Google's FlatBuffers zero-copy
//! serialization format.
//! - [Bencode], a simple binary format used in the BitTorrent protocol.
//! - [Token streams], for processing Rust procedural macro input.
//! *(deserialization only)*
//! - [DynamoDB Items], the format used by [rusoto_dynamodb] to transfer data to
//! and from DynamoDB.
//! - [Hjson], a syntax extension to JSON designed around human reading and
//! editing. *(deserialization only)*
//! - [CSV], Comma-separated values is a tabular text file format.
//!
//! [AWS Parameter Store]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/systems-manager-parameter-store.html
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Serde types in rustdoc of other crates get linked to here.
// Support using Serde without the standard library!
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
// Show which crate feature enables conditionally compiled APIs in documentation.
#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg, rustdoc_internals))]
#![cfg_attr(docsrs, allow(internal_features))]
// Unstable functionality only if the user asks for it. For tracking and
// discussion of these features please refer to this issue:
//
#![cfg_attr(feature = "unstable", feature(never_type))]
#![allow(unknown_lints, bare_trait_objects, deprecated)]
// Ignored clippy and clippy_pedantic lints
#![allow(
clippy::unnested_or_patterns,
clippy::semicolon_if_nothing_returned,
// not available in our oldest supported compiler
clippy::empty_enum,
// integer and float ser/de requires these sorts of casts
clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
clippy::cast_possible_wrap,
clippy::cast_precision_loss,
clippy::cast_sign_loss,
// things are often more readable this way
clippy::cast_lossless,
clippy::module_name_repetitions,
clippy::single_match_else,
clippy::type_complexity,
clippy::use_self,
clippy::zero_prefixed_literal,
// correctly used
clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq,
clippy::enum_glob_use,
clippy::explicit_auto_deref,
clippy::incompatible_msrv,
clippy::let_underscore_untyped,
clippy::map_err_ignore,
clippy::new_without_default,
clippy::result_unit_err,
clippy::wildcard_imports,
// not practical
clippy::needless_pass_by_value,
clippy::similar_names,
clippy::too_many_lines,
// preference
clippy::doc_markdown,
clippy::unseparated_literal_suffix,
// false positive
clippy::needless_doctest_main,
// noisy
clippy::missing_errors_doc,
clippy::must_use_candidate,
)]
// Restrictions
#![deny(clippy::question_mark_used)]
// Rustc lints.
#![deny(missing_docs, unused_imports)]
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
extern crate alloc;
/// A facade around all the types we need from the `std`, `core`, and `alloc`
/// crates. This avoids elaborate import wrangling having to happen in every
/// module.
mod lib {
mod core {
#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
pub use core::*;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::*;
}
pub use self::core::{f32, f64};
pub use self::core::{i16, i32, i64, i8, isize};
pub use self::core::{iter, num, ptr, str};
pub use self::core::{u16, u32, u64, u8, usize};
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "alloc"))]
pub use self::core::{cmp, mem, slice};
pub use self::core::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
pub use self::core::clone;
pub use self::core::cmp::Reverse;
pub use self::core::convert;
pub use self::core::default;
pub use self::core::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Write as FmtWrite};
pub use self::core::marker::{self, PhantomData};
pub use self::core::num::Wrapping;
pub use self::core::ops::{Bound, Range, RangeFrom, RangeInclusive, RangeTo};
pub use self::core::option;
pub use self::core::result;
pub use self::core::time::Duration;
#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::borrow::{Cow, ToOwned};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::borrow::{Cow, ToOwned};
#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::string::{String, ToString};
#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::vec::Vec;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::vec::Vec;
#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::boxed::Box;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::boxed::Box;
#[cfg(all(feature = "rc", feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::rc::{Rc, Weak as RcWeak};
#[cfg(all(feature = "rc", feature = "std"))]
pub use std::rc::{Rc, Weak as RcWeak};
#[cfg(all(feature = "rc", feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak as ArcWeak};
#[cfg(all(feature = "rc", feature = "std"))]
pub use std::sync::{Arc, Weak as ArcWeak};
#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, BinaryHeap, LinkedList, VecDeque};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, BinaryHeap, LinkedList, VecDeque};
#[cfg(all(not(no_core_cstr), not(feature = "std")))]
pub use self::core::ffi::CStr;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::ffi::CStr;
#[cfg(all(not(no_core_cstr), feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
pub use alloc::ffi::CString;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::ffi::CString;
#[cfg(all(not(no_core_net), not(feature = "std")))]
pub use self::core::net;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::net;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::error;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hash};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::io::Write;
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::sync::{Mutex, RwLock};
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
pub use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", no_target_has_atomic, not(no_std_atomic)))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::{
AtomicBool, AtomicI16, AtomicI32, AtomicI8, AtomicIsize, AtomicU16, AtomicU32, AtomicU8,
AtomicUsize, Ordering,
};
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", no_target_has_atomic, not(no_std_atomic64)))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicI64, AtomicU64};
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(no_target_has_atomic)))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(no_target_has_atomic), target_has_atomic = "8"))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicI8, AtomicU8};
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(no_target_has_atomic), target_has_atomic = "16"))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicI16, AtomicU16};
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(no_target_has_atomic), target_has_atomic = "32"))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicI32, AtomicU32};
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(no_target_has_atomic), target_has_atomic = "64"))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicI64, AtomicU64};
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(no_target_has_atomic), target_has_atomic = "ptr"))]
pub use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicIsize, AtomicUsize};
#[cfg(not(no_core_num_saturating))]
pub use self::core::num::Saturating;
}
// None of this crate's error handling needs the `From::from` error conversion
// performed implicitly by the `?` operator or the standard library's `try!`
// macro. This simplified macro gives a 5.5% improvement in compile time
// compared to standard `try!`, and 9% improvement compared to `?`.
macro_rules! tri {
($expr:expr) => {
match $expr {
Ok(val) => val,
Err(err) => return Err(err),
}
};
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#[macro_use]
mod macros;
#[macro_use]
mod integer128;
pub mod de;
pub mod ser;
mod format;
#[doc(inline)]
pub use crate::de::{Deserialize, Deserializer};
#[doc(inline)]
pub use crate::ser::{Serialize, Serializer};
// Used by generated code and doc tests. Not public API.
#[doc(hidden)]
#[path = "private/mod.rs"]
pub mod __private;
#[path = "de/seed.rs"]
mod seed;
#[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), no_core_error))]
mod std_error;
// Re-export #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)].
//
// The reason re-exporting is not enabled by default is that disabling it would
// be annoying for crates that provide handwritten impls or data formats. They
// would need to disable default features and then explicitly re-enable std.
#[cfg(feature = "serde_derive")]
extern crate serde_derive;
/// Derive macro available if serde is built with `features = ["derive"]`.
#[cfg(feature = "serde_derive")]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "derive")))]
pub use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[cfg(all(not(no_serde_derive), any(feature = "std", feature = "alloc")))]
mod actually_private {
pub struct T;
}