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//
// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
#include "absl/debugging/failure_signal_handler.h"
#include "absl/base/config.h"
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#else
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#endif
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_MMAP
#include <sys/mman.h>
#if defined(MAP_ANON) && !defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS)
#define MAP_ANONYMOUS MAP_ANON
#endif
#endif
#ifdef __linux__
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <cerrno>
#include <csignal>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include "absl/base/attributes.h"
#include "absl/base/internal/raw_logging.h"
#include "absl/base/internal/sysinfo.h"
#include "absl/debugging/internal/examine_stack.h"
#include "absl/debugging/stacktrace.h"
#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__wasi__)
#define ABSL_HAVE_SIGACTION
// Apple WatchOS and TVOS don't allow sigaltstack
// Apple macOS has sigaltstack, but using it makes backtrace() unusable.
#if !(defined(TARGET_OS_OSX) && TARGET_OS_OSX) && \
!(defined(TARGET_OS_WATCH) && TARGET_OS_WATCH) && \
!(defined(TARGET_OS_TV) && TARGET_OS_TV) && !defined(__QNX__)
#define ABSL_HAVE_SIGALTSTACK
#endif
#endif
namespace absl {
ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
ABSL_CONST_INIT static FailureSignalHandlerOptions fsh_options;
// Resets the signal handler for signo to the default action for that
// signal, then raises the signal.
static void RaiseToDefaultHandler(int signo) {
signal(signo, SIG_DFL);
raise(signo);
}
struct FailureSignalData {
const int signo;
const char* const as_string;
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_SIGACTION
struct sigaction previous_action;
// StructSigaction is used to silence -Wmissing-field-initializers.
using StructSigaction = struct sigaction;
#define FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT FailureSignalData::StructSigaction()
#else
void (*previous_handler)(int);
#define FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT SIG_DFL
#endif
};
ABSL_CONST_INIT static FailureSignalData failure_signal_data[] = {
{SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV", FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT},
{SIGILL, "SIGILL", FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT},
{SIGFPE, "SIGFPE", FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT},
{SIGABRT, "SIGABRT", FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT},
{SIGTERM, "SIGTERM", FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT},
#ifndef _WIN32
{SIGBUS, "SIGBUS", FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT},
{SIGTRAP, "SIGTRAP", FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT},
#endif
};
#undef FSD_PREVIOUS_INIT
static void RaiseToPreviousHandler(int signo) {
// Search for the previous handler.
for (const auto& it : failure_signal_data) {
if (it.signo == signo) {
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_SIGACTION
sigaction(signo, &it.previous_action, nullptr);
#else
signal(signo, it.previous_handler);
#endif
raise(signo);
return;
}
}
// Not found, use the default handler.
RaiseToDefaultHandler(signo);
}
namespace debugging_internal {
const char* FailureSignalToString(int signo) {
for (const auto& it : failure_signal_data) {
if (it.signo == signo) {
return it.as_string;
}
}
return "";
}
} // namespace debugging_internal
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_SIGALTSTACK
static bool SetupAlternateStackOnce() {
#if defined(__wasm__) || defined(__asjms__)
const size_t page_mask = getpagesize() - 1;
#else
const size_t page_mask = static_cast<size_t>(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) - 1;
#endif
size_t stack_size =
(std::max(static_cast<size_t>(SIGSTKSZ), size_t{65536}) + page_mask) &
~page_mask;
#if defined(ABSL_HAVE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER) || \
defined(ABSL_HAVE_MEMORY_SANITIZER) || defined(ABSL_HAVE_THREAD_SANITIZER)
// Account for sanitizer instrumentation requiring additional stack space.
stack_size *= 5;
#endif
stack_t sigstk;
memset(&sigstk, 0, sizeof(sigstk));
sigstk.ss_size = stack_size;
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_MMAP
#ifndef MAP_STACK
#define MAP_STACK 0
#endif
sigstk.ss_sp = mmap(nullptr, sigstk.ss_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_STACK, -1, 0);
if (sigstk.ss_sp == MAP_FAILED) {
ABSL_RAW_LOG(FATAL, "mmap() for alternate signal stack failed");
}
#else
sigstk.ss_sp = malloc(sigstk.ss_size);
if (sigstk.ss_sp == nullptr) {
ABSL_RAW_LOG(FATAL, "malloc() for alternate signal stack failed");
}
#endif
if (sigaltstack(&sigstk, nullptr) != 0) {
ABSL_RAW_LOG(FATAL, "sigaltstack() failed with errno=%d", errno);
}
#ifdef __linux__
#if defined(PR_SET_VMA) && defined(PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME)
// Make a best-effort attempt to name the allocated region in
// /proc/$PID/smaps.
//
// The call to prctl() may fail if the kernel was not configured with the
// CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME kernel option. This is OK since the call is
// primarily a debugging aid.
prctl(PR_SET_VMA, PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME, sigstk.ss_sp, sigstk.ss_size,
"absl-signalstack");
#endif
#endif // __linux__
return true;
}
#endif
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_SIGACTION
// Sets up an alternate stack for signal handlers once.
// Returns the appropriate flag for sig_action.sa_flags
// if the system supports using an alternate stack.
static int MaybeSetupAlternateStack() {
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_SIGALTSTACK
ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED static const bool kOnce = SetupAlternateStackOnce();
return SA_ONSTACK;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
static void InstallOneFailureHandler(FailureSignalData* data,
void (*handler)(int, siginfo_t*, void*)) {
struct sigaction act;
memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_flags |= SA_SIGINFO;
// SA_NODEFER is required to handle SIGABRT from
// ImmediateAbortSignalHandler().
act.sa_flags |= SA_NODEFER;
if (fsh_options.use_alternate_stack) {
act.sa_flags |= MaybeSetupAlternateStack();
}
act.sa_sigaction = handler;
ABSL_RAW_CHECK(sigaction(data->signo, &act, &data->previous_action) == 0,
"sigaction() failed");
}
#else
static void InstallOneFailureHandler(FailureSignalData* data,
void (*handler)(int)) {
data->previous_handler = signal(data->signo, handler);
ABSL_RAW_CHECK(data->previous_handler != SIG_ERR, "signal() failed");
}
#endif
static void WriteSignalMessage(int signo, int cpu,
void (*writerfn)(const char*)) {
char buf[96];
char on_cpu[32] = {0};
if (cpu != -1) {
snprintf(on_cpu, sizeof(on_cpu), " on cpu %d", cpu);
}
const char* const signal_string =
debugging_internal::FailureSignalToString(signo);
if (signal_string != nullptr && signal_string[0] != '\0') {
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "*** %s received at time=%ld%s ***\n",
signal_string,
static_cast<long>(time(nullptr)), // NOLINT(runtime/int)
on_cpu);
} else {
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "*** Signal %d received at time=%ld%s ***\n",
signo, static_cast<long>(time(nullptr)), // NOLINT(runtime/int)
on_cpu);
}
writerfn(buf);
}
// `void*` might not be big enough to store `void(*)(const char*)`.
struct WriterFnStruct {
void (*writerfn)(const char*);
};
// Many of the absl::debugging_internal::Dump* functions in
// examine_stack.h take a writer function pointer that has a void* arg
// for historical reasons. failure_signal_handler_writer only takes a
// data pointer. This function converts between these types.
static void WriterFnWrapper(const char* data, void* arg) {
static_cast<WriterFnStruct*>(arg)->writerfn(data);
}
// Convenient wrapper around DumpPCAndFrameSizesAndStackTrace() for signal
// handlers. "noinline" so that GetStackFrames() skips the top-most stack
// frame for this function.
ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE static void WriteStackTrace(
void* ucontext, bool symbolize_stacktrace,
void (*writerfn)(const char*, void*), void* writerfn_arg) {
constexpr int kNumStackFrames = 32;
void* stack[kNumStackFrames];
int frame_sizes[kNumStackFrames];
int min_dropped_frames;
int depth = absl::GetStackFramesWithContext(
stack, frame_sizes, kNumStackFrames,
1, // Do not include this function in stack trace.
ucontext, &min_dropped_frames);
absl::debugging_internal::DumpPCAndFrameSizesAndStackTrace(
absl::debugging_internal::GetProgramCounter(ucontext), stack, frame_sizes,
depth, min_dropped_frames, symbolize_stacktrace, writerfn, writerfn_arg);
}
// Called by AbslFailureSignalHandler() to write the failure info. It is
// called once with writerfn set to WriteToStderr() and then possibly
// with writerfn set to the user provided function.
static void WriteFailureInfo(int signo, void* ucontext, int cpu,
void (*writerfn)(const char*)) {
WriterFnStruct writerfn_struct{writerfn};
WriteSignalMessage(signo, cpu, writerfn);
WriteStackTrace(ucontext, fsh_options.symbolize_stacktrace, WriterFnWrapper,
&writerfn_struct);
}
// absl::SleepFor() can't be used here since AbslInternalSleepFor()
// may be overridden to do something that isn't async-signal-safe on
// some platforms.
static void PortableSleepForSeconds(int seconds) {
#ifdef _WIN32
Sleep(static_cast<DWORD>(seconds * 1000));
#else
struct timespec sleep_time;
sleep_time.tv_sec = seconds;
sleep_time.tv_nsec = 0;
while (nanosleep(&sleep_time, &sleep_time) != 0 && errno == EINTR) {
}
#endif
}
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_ALARM
// AbslFailureSignalHandler() installs this as a signal handler for
// SIGALRM, then sets an alarm to be delivered to the program after a
// set amount of time. If AbslFailureSignalHandler() hangs for more than
// the alarm timeout, ImmediateAbortSignalHandler() will abort the
// program.
static void ImmediateAbortSignalHandler(int) { RaiseToDefaultHandler(SIGABRT); }
#endif
// absl::base_internal::GetTID() returns pid_t on most platforms, but
// returns absl::base_internal::pid_t on Windows.
using GetTidType = decltype(absl::base_internal::GetTID());
ABSL_CONST_INIT static std::atomic<GetTidType> failed_tid(0);
#ifndef ABSL_HAVE_SIGACTION
static void AbslFailureSignalHandler(int signo) {
void* ucontext = nullptr;
#else
static void AbslFailureSignalHandler(int signo, siginfo_t*, void* ucontext) {
#endif
const GetTidType this_tid = absl::base_internal::GetTID();
GetTidType previous_failed_tid = 0;
if (!failed_tid.compare_exchange_strong(previous_failed_tid, this_tid,
std::memory_order_acq_rel,
std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
ABSL_RAW_LOG(
ERROR,
"Signal %d raised at PC=%p while already in AbslFailureSignalHandler()",
signo, absl::debugging_internal::GetProgramCounter(ucontext));
if (this_tid != previous_failed_tid) {
// Another thread is already in AbslFailureSignalHandler(), so wait
// a bit for it to finish. If the other thread doesn't kill us,
// we do so after sleeping.
PortableSleepForSeconds(3);
RaiseToDefaultHandler(signo);
// The recursively raised signal may be blocked until we return.
return;
}
}
// Increase the chance that the CPU we report was the same CPU on which the
// signal was received by doing this as early as possible, i.e. after
// verifying that this is not a recursive signal handler invocation.
int my_cpu = -1;
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_SCHED_GETCPU
my_cpu = sched_getcpu();
#endif
#ifdef ABSL_HAVE_ALARM
// Set an alarm to abort the program in case this code hangs or deadlocks.
if (fsh_options.alarm_on_failure_secs > 0) {
alarm(0); // Cancel any existing alarms.
signal(SIGALRM, ImmediateAbortSignalHandler);
alarm(static_cast<unsigned int>(fsh_options.alarm_on_failure_secs));
}
#endif
// First write to stderr.
WriteFailureInfo(
signo, ucontext, my_cpu, +[](const char* data) {
absl::raw_log_internal::AsyncSignalSafeWriteError(data, strlen(data));
});
// Riskier code (because it is less likely to be async-signal-safe)
// goes after this point.
if (fsh_options.writerfn != nullptr) {
WriteFailureInfo(signo, ucontext, my_cpu, fsh_options.writerfn);
fsh_options.writerfn(nullptr);
}
if (fsh_options.call_previous_handler) {
RaiseToPreviousHandler(signo);
} else {
RaiseToDefaultHandler(signo);
}
}
void InstallFailureSignalHandler(const FailureSignalHandlerOptions& options) {
fsh_options = options;
for (auto& it : failure_signal_data) {
InstallOneFailureHandler(&it, AbslFailureSignalHandler);
}
}
ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
} // namespace absl