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// Copyright (c) 2011 Google, Inc.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
// CityHash Version 1, by Geoff Pike and Jyrki Alakuijala
//
// This file provides CityHash64() and related functions.
//
// It's probably possible to create even faster hash functions by
// writing a program that systematically explores some of the space of
// possible hash functions, by using SIMD instructions, or by
// compromising on hash quality.
#include "city.h"
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#if __sparc__
#include <string.h>
static inline uint64 UNALIGNED_LOAD64(const char *p) {
uint64 val;
memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(uint64));
return val;
}
static inline uint32 UNALIGNED_LOAD32(const char *p) {
uint32 val;
memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(uint32));
return val;
}
#else
#define UNALIGNED_LOAD64(p) (*(const uint64*)(p))
#define UNALIGNED_LOAD32(p) (*(const uint32*)(p))
#endif
#if !defined(LIKELY)
#if defined(__GNUC__)
#define LIKELY(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1))
#else
#define LIKELY(x) (x)
#endif
#endif
// Some primes between 2^63 and 2^64 for various uses.
static const uint64 k0 = 0xc3a5c85c97cb3127;
static const uint64 k1 = 0xb492b66fbe98f273;
static const uint64 k2 = 0x9ae16a3b2f90404f;
static const uint64 k3 = 0xc949d7c7509e6557;
// Bitwise right rotate. Normally this will compile to a single
// instruction, especially if the shift is a manifest constant.
static uint64 Rotate(uint64 val, int shift) {
// Avoid shifting by 64: doing so yields an undefined result.
return shift == 0 ? val : ((val >> shift) | (val << (64 - shift)));
}
// Equivalent to Rotate(), but requires the second arg to be non-zero.
// On x86-64, and probably others, it's possible for this to compile
// to a single instruction if both args are already in registers.
static uint64 RotateByAtLeast1(uint64 val, int shift) {
return (val >> shift) | (val << (64 - shift));
}
static uint64 ShiftMix(uint64 val) {
return val ^ (val >> 47);
}
static uint64 HashLen16(uint64 u, uint64 v) {
return Hash128to64(uint128(u, v));
}
static uint64 HashLen0to16(const char *s, size_t len) {
if (len > 8) {
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s);
uint64 b = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8);
return HashLen16(a, RotateByAtLeast1(b + len, len)) ^ b;
}
if (len >= 4) {
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD32(s);
return HashLen16(len + (a << 3), UNALIGNED_LOAD32(s + len - 4));
}
if (len > 0) {
uint8 a = s[0];
uint8 b = s[len >> 1];
uint8 c = s[len - 1];
uint32 y = static_cast<uint32>(a) + (static_cast<uint32>(b) << 8);
uint32 z = len + (static_cast<uint32>(c) << 2);
return ShiftMix(y * k2 ^ z * k3) * k2;
}
return k2;
}
// This probably works well for 16-byte strings as well, but it may be overkill
// in that case.
static uint64 HashLen17to32(const char *s, size_t len) {
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) * k1;
uint64 b = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8);
uint64 c = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8) * k2;
uint64 d = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16) * k0;
return HashLen16(Rotate(a - b, 43) + Rotate(c, 30) + d,
a + Rotate(b ^ k3, 20) - c + len);
}
// Return a 16-byte hash for 48 bytes. Quick and dirty.
// Callers do best to use "random-looking" values for a and b.
static pair<uint64, uint64> WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(
uint64 w, uint64 x, uint64 y, uint64 z, uint64 a, uint64 b) {
a += w;
b = Rotate(b + a + z, 21);
uint64 c = a;
a += x;
a += y;
b += Rotate(a, 44);
return make_pair(a + z, b + c);
}
// Return a 16-byte hash for s[0] ... s[31], a, and b. Quick and dirty.
static pair<uint64, uint64> WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(
const char* s, uint64 a, uint64 b) {
return WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s),
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8),
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16),
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 24),
a,
b);
}
// Return an 8-byte hash for 33 to 64 bytes.
static uint64 HashLen33to64(const char *s, size_t len) {
uint64 z = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 24);
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) + (len + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16)) * k0;
uint64 b = Rotate(a + z, 52);
uint64 c = Rotate(a, 37);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8);
c += Rotate(a, 7);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16);
uint64 vf = a + z;
uint64 vs = b + Rotate(a, 31) + c;
a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16) + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 32);
z = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8);
b = Rotate(a + z, 52);
c = Rotate(a, 37);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 24);
c += Rotate(a, 7);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16);
uint64 wf = a + z;
uint64 ws = b + Rotate(a, 31) + c;
uint64 r = ShiftMix((vf + ws) * k2 + (wf + vs) * k0);
return ShiftMix(r * k0 + vs) * k2;
}
uint64 CityHash64(const char *s, size_t len) {
if (len <= 32) {
if (len <= 16) {
return HashLen0to16(s, len);
} else {
return HashLen17to32(s, len);
}
} else if (len <= 64) {
return HashLen33to64(s, len);
}
// For strings over 64 bytes we hash the end first, and then as we
// loop we keep 56 bytes of state: v, w, x, y, and z.
uint64 x = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s);
uint64 y = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16) ^ k1;
uint64 z = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 56) ^ k0;
pair<uint64, uint64> v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + len - 64, len, y);
pair<uint64, uint64> w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + len - 32, len * k1, k0);
z += ShiftMix(v.second) * k1;
x = Rotate(z + x, 39) * k1;
y = Rotate(y, 33) * k1;
// Decrease len to the nearest multiple of 64, and operate on 64-byte chunks.
len = (len - 1) & ~static_cast<size_t>(63);
do {
x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16), 37) * k1;
y = Rotate(y + v.second + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
x ^= w.second;
y ^= v.first;
z = Rotate(z ^ w.first, 33);
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + 32, z + w.second, y);
std::swap(z, x);
s += 64;
len -= 64;
} while (len != 0);
return HashLen16(HashLen16(v.first, w.first) + ShiftMix(y) * k1 + z,
HashLen16(v.second, w.second) + x);
}
uint64 CityHash64WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint64 seed) {
return CityHash64WithSeeds(s, len, k2, seed);
}
uint64 CityHash64WithSeeds(const char *s, size_t len,
uint64 seed0, uint64 seed1) {
return HashLen16(CityHash64(s, len) - seed0, seed1);
}
// A subroutine for CityHash128(). Returns a decent 128-bit hash for strings
// of any length representable in an int. Based on City and Murmur.
static uint128 CityMurmur(const char *s, size_t len, uint128 seed) {
uint64 a = Uint128Low64(seed);
uint64 b = Uint128High64(seed);
uint64 c = 0;
uint64 d = 0;
int l = len - 16;
if (l <= 0) { // len <= 16
c = b * k1 + HashLen0to16(s, len);
d = Rotate(a + (len >= 8 ? UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) : c), 32);
} else { // len > 16
c = HashLen16(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8) + k1, a);
d = HashLen16(b + len, c + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16));
a += d;
do {
a ^= ShiftMix(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) * k1) * k1;
a *= k1;
b ^= a;
c ^= ShiftMix(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8) * k1) * k1;
c *= k1;
d ^= c;
s += 16;
l -= 16;
} while (l > 0);
}
a = HashLen16(a, c);
b = HashLen16(d, b);
return uint128(a ^ b, HashLen16(b, a));
}
uint128 CityHash128WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint128 seed) {
if (len < 128) {
return CityMurmur(s, len, seed);
}
// We expect len >= 128 to be the common case. Keep 56 bytes of state:
// v, w, x, y, and z.
pair<uint64, uint64> v, w;
uint64 x = Uint128Low64(seed);
uint64 y = Uint128High64(seed);
uint64 z = len * k1;
v.first = Rotate(y ^ k1, 49) * k1 + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s);
v.second = Rotate(v.first, 42) * k1 + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8);
w.first = Rotate(y + z, 35) * k1 + x;
w.second = Rotate(x + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 88), 53) * k1;
// This is the same inner loop as CityHash64(), manually unrolled.
do {
x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16), 37) * k1;
y = Rotate(y + v.second + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
x ^= w.second;
y ^= v.first;
z = Rotate(z ^ w.first, 33);
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + 32, z + w.second, y);
std::swap(z, x);
s += 64;
x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16), 37) * k1;
y = Rotate(y + v.second + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
x ^= w.second;
y ^= v.first;
z = Rotate(z ^ w.first, 33);
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + 32, z + w.second, y);
std::swap(z, x);
s += 64;
len -= 128;
} while (LIKELY(len >= 128));
y += Rotate(w.first, 37) * k0 + z;
x += Rotate(v.first + z, 49) * k0;
// If 0 < len < 128, hash up to 4 chunks of 32 bytes each from the end of s.
for (size_t tail_done = 0; tail_done < len; ) {
tail_done += 32;
y = Rotate(y - x, 42) * k0 + v.second;
w.first += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - tail_done + 16);
x = Rotate(x, 49) * k0 + w.first;
w.first += v.first;
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + len - tail_done, v.first, v.second);
}
// At this point our 48 bytes of state should contain more than
// enough information for a strong 128-bit hash. We use two
// different 48-byte-to-8-byte hashes to get a 16-byte final result.
x = HashLen16(x, v.first);
y = HashLen16(y, w.first);
return uint128(HashLen16(x + v.second, w.second) + y,
HashLen16(x + w.second, y + v.second));
}
uint128 CityHash128(const char *s, size_t len) {
if (len >= 16) {
return CityHash128WithSeed(s + 16,
len - 16,
uint128(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) ^ k3,
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8)));
} else if (len >= 8) {
return CityHash128WithSeed(NULL,
0,
uint128(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) ^ (len * k0),
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8) ^ k1));
} else {
return CityHash128WithSeed(s, len, uint128(k0, k1));
}
}