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/*
* Copyright (C) 2012 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of Apple Computer, Inc. ("Apple") nor the names of
* its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "PeriodicWave.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include "mozilla/FFTBlock.h"
const unsigned MinPeriodicWaveSize = 4096; // This must be a power of two.
const unsigned MaxPeriodicWaveSize = 8192; // This must be a power of two.
const float CentsPerRange = 1200 / 3; // 1/3 Octave.
using namespace mozilla;
using mozilla::dom::OscillatorType;
namespace WebCore {
already_AddRefed<PeriodicWave> PeriodicWave::create(float sampleRate,
const float* real,
const float* imag,
size_t numberOfComponents,
bool disableNormalization) {
bool isGood = real && imag && numberOfComponents > 0;
MOZ_ASSERT(isGood);
if (isGood) {
RefPtr<PeriodicWave> periodicWave =
new PeriodicWave(sampleRate, numberOfComponents, disableNormalization);
// Limit the number of components used to those for frequencies below the
// Nyquist of the fixed length inverse FFT.
size_t halfSize = periodicWave->m_periodicWaveSize / 2;
numberOfComponents = std::min(numberOfComponents, halfSize);
periodicWave->m_numberOfComponents = numberOfComponents;
periodicWave->m_realComponents =
MakeUnique<AudioFloatArray>(numberOfComponents);
periodicWave->m_imagComponents =
MakeUnique<AudioFloatArray>(numberOfComponents);
memcpy(periodicWave->m_realComponents->Elements(), real,
numberOfComponents * sizeof(float));
memcpy(periodicWave->m_imagComponents->Elements(), imag,
numberOfComponents * sizeof(float));
return periodicWave.forget();
}
return nullptr;
}
already_AddRefed<PeriodicWave> PeriodicWave::createSine(float sampleRate) {
RefPtr<PeriodicWave> periodicWave =
new PeriodicWave(sampleRate, MinPeriodicWaveSize, false);
periodicWave->generateBasicWaveform(OscillatorType::Sine);
return periodicWave.forget();
}
already_AddRefed<PeriodicWave> PeriodicWave::createSquare(float sampleRate) {
RefPtr<PeriodicWave> periodicWave =
new PeriodicWave(sampleRate, MinPeriodicWaveSize, false);
periodicWave->generateBasicWaveform(OscillatorType::Square);
return periodicWave.forget();
}
already_AddRefed<PeriodicWave> PeriodicWave::createSawtooth(float sampleRate) {
RefPtr<PeriodicWave> periodicWave =
new PeriodicWave(sampleRate, MinPeriodicWaveSize, false);
periodicWave->generateBasicWaveform(OscillatorType::Sawtooth);
return periodicWave.forget();
}
already_AddRefed<PeriodicWave> PeriodicWave::createTriangle(float sampleRate) {
RefPtr<PeriodicWave> periodicWave =
new PeriodicWave(sampleRate, MinPeriodicWaveSize, false);
periodicWave->generateBasicWaveform(OscillatorType::Triangle);
return periodicWave.forget();
}
PeriodicWave::PeriodicWave(float sampleRate, size_t numberOfComponents,
bool disableNormalization)
: m_sampleRate(sampleRate),
m_centsPerRange(CentsPerRange),
m_maxPartialsInBandLimitedTable(0),
m_normalizationScale(1.0f),
m_disableNormalization(disableNormalization) {
float nyquist = 0.5 * m_sampleRate;
if (numberOfComponents <= MinPeriodicWaveSize) {
m_periodicWaveSize = MinPeriodicWaveSize;
} else {
unsigned npow2 = fdlibm_exp2f(floorf(
fdlibm_logf(numberOfComponents - 1.0) / fdlibm_logf(2.0f) + 1.0f));
m_periodicWaveSize = std::min(MaxPeriodicWaveSize, npow2);
}
m_numberOfRanges =
(unsigned)(3.0f * fdlibm_logf(m_periodicWaveSize) / fdlibm_logf(2.0f));
m_bandLimitedTables.SetLength(m_numberOfRanges);
m_lowestFundamentalFrequency = nyquist / maxNumberOfPartials();
m_rateScale = m_periodicWaveSize / m_sampleRate;
}
size_t PeriodicWave::sizeOfIncludingThis(
mozilla::MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf) const {
size_t amount = aMallocSizeOf(this);
amount += m_bandLimitedTables.ShallowSizeOfExcludingThis(aMallocSizeOf);
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_bandLimitedTables.Length(); i++) {
if (m_bandLimitedTables[i]) {
amount +=
m_bandLimitedTables[i]->ShallowSizeOfIncludingThis(aMallocSizeOf);
}
}
return amount;
}
void PeriodicWave::waveDataForFundamentalFrequency(
float fundamentalFrequency, float*& lowerWaveData, float*& higherWaveData,
float& tableInterpolationFactor) {
// Negative frequencies are allowed, in which case we alias
// to the positive frequency.
fundamentalFrequency = fabsf(fundamentalFrequency);
// We only need to rebuild to the tables if the new fundamental
// frequency is low enough to allow for more partials below the
// Nyquist frequency.
unsigned numberOfPartials = numberOfPartialsForRange(0);
float nyquist = 0.5 * m_sampleRate;
if (fundamentalFrequency != 0.0) {
numberOfPartials =
std::min(numberOfPartials, (unsigned)(nyquist / fundamentalFrequency));
}
if (numberOfPartials > m_maxPartialsInBandLimitedTable) {
for (unsigned rangeIndex = 0; rangeIndex < m_numberOfRanges; ++rangeIndex) {
m_bandLimitedTables[rangeIndex] = 0;
}
// We need to create the first table to determine the normalization
// constant.
createBandLimitedTables(fundamentalFrequency, 0);
m_maxPartialsInBandLimitedTable = numberOfPartials;
}
// Calculate the pitch range.
float ratio = fundamentalFrequency > 0
? fundamentalFrequency / m_lowestFundamentalFrequency
: 0.5;
float centsAboveLowestFrequency =
fdlibm_logf(ratio) / fdlibm_logf(2.0f) * 1200;
// Add one to round-up to the next range just in time to truncate
// partials before aliasing occurs.
float pitchRange = 1 + centsAboveLowestFrequency / m_centsPerRange;
pitchRange = std::max(pitchRange, 0.0f);
pitchRange = std::min(pitchRange, static_cast<float>(m_numberOfRanges - 1));
// The words "lower" and "higher" refer to the table data having
// the lower and higher numbers of partials. It's a little confusing
// since the range index gets larger the more partials we cull out.
// So the lower table data will have a larger range index.
unsigned rangeIndex1 = static_cast<unsigned>(pitchRange);
unsigned rangeIndex2 =
rangeIndex1 < m_numberOfRanges - 1 ? rangeIndex1 + 1 : rangeIndex1;
if (!m_bandLimitedTables[rangeIndex1].get())
createBandLimitedTables(fundamentalFrequency, rangeIndex1);
if (!m_bandLimitedTables[rangeIndex2].get())
createBandLimitedTables(fundamentalFrequency, rangeIndex2);
lowerWaveData = m_bandLimitedTables[rangeIndex2]->Elements();
higherWaveData = m_bandLimitedTables[rangeIndex1]->Elements();
// Ranges from 0 -> 1 to interpolate between lower -> higher.
tableInterpolationFactor = rangeIndex2 - pitchRange;
}
unsigned PeriodicWave::maxNumberOfPartials() const {
return m_periodicWaveSize / 2;
}
unsigned PeriodicWave::numberOfPartialsForRange(unsigned rangeIndex) const {
// Number of cents below nyquist where we cull partials.
float centsToCull = rangeIndex * m_centsPerRange;
// A value from 0 -> 1 representing what fraction of the partials to keep.
float cullingScale = fdlibm_exp2f(-centsToCull / 1200);
// The very top range will have all the partials culled.
unsigned numberOfPartials = cullingScale * maxNumberOfPartials();
return numberOfPartials;
}
// Convert into time-domain wave buffers.
// One table is created for each range for non-aliasing playback
// at different playback rates. Thus, higher ranges have more
// high-frequency partials culled out.
void PeriodicWave::createBandLimitedTables(float fundamentalFrequency,
unsigned rangeIndex) {
unsigned fftSize = m_periodicWaveSize;
unsigned i;
const float* realData = m_realComponents->Elements();
const float* imagData = m_imagComponents->Elements();
// This FFTBlock is used to cull partials (represented by frequency bins).
FFTBlock frame(fftSize);
// Find the starting bin where we should start culling the aliasing
// partials for this pitch range. We need to clear out the highest
// frequencies to band-limit the waveform.
unsigned numberOfPartials = numberOfPartialsForRange(rangeIndex);
// Also limit to the number of components that are provided.
numberOfPartials = std::min(numberOfPartials, m_numberOfComponents - 1);
// Limit number of partials to those below Nyquist frequency
float nyquist = 0.5 * m_sampleRate;
if (fundamentalFrequency != 0.0) {
numberOfPartials =
std::min(numberOfPartials, (unsigned)(nyquist / fundamentalFrequency));
}
// Copy from loaded frequency data and generate complex conjugate
// because of the way the inverse FFT is defined.
// The coefficients of higher partials remain zero, as initialized in
// the FFTBlock constructor.
for (i = 0; i < numberOfPartials + 1; ++i) {
frame.RealData(i) = realData[i];
frame.ImagData(i) = -imagData[i];
}
// Clear any DC-offset.
frame.RealData(0) = 0;
// Clear value which has no effect.
frame.ImagData(0) = 0;
// Create the band-limited table.
m_bandLimitedTables[rangeIndex] =
MakeUnique<AlignedAudioFloatArray>(m_periodicWaveSize);
// Apply an inverse FFT to generate the time-domain table data.
float* data = m_bandLimitedTables[rangeIndex]->Elements();
frame.GetInverse(data);
// For the first range (which has the highest power), calculate
// its peak value then compute normalization scale.
if (m_disableNormalization) {
// when normalization is disabled.
m_normalizationScale = 0.5;
} else if (!rangeIndex) {
float maxValue;
maxValue = AudioBufferPeakValue(data, m_periodicWaveSize);
if (maxValue) m_normalizationScale = 1.0f / maxValue;
}
// Apply normalization scale.
AudioBufferInPlaceScale(data, m_normalizationScale, m_periodicWaveSize);
}
void PeriodicWave::generateBasicWaveform(OscillatorType shape) {
const float piFloat = float(M_PI);
unsigned fftSize = periodicWaveSize();
unsigned halfSize = fftSize / 2;
m_numberOfComponents = halfSize;
m_realComponents = MakeUnique<AudioFloatArray>(halfSize);
m_imagComponents = MakeUnique<AudioFloatArray>(halfSize);
float* realP = m_realComponents->Elements();
float* imagP = m_imagComponents->Elements();
// Clear DC and imag value which is ignored.
realP[0] = 0;
imagP[0] = 0;
for (unsigned n = 1; n < halfSize; ++n) {
float omega = 2 * piFloat * n;
float invOmega = 1 / omega;
// Fourier coefficients according to standard definition.
float a; // Coefficient for cos().
float b; // Coefficient for sin().
// Calculate Fourier coefficients depending on the shape.
// Note that the overall scaling (magnitude) of the waveforms
// is normalized in createBandLimitedTables().
switch (shape) {
case OscillatorType::Sine:
// Standard sine wave function.
a = 0;
b = (n == 1) ? 1 : 0;
break;
case OscillatorType::Square:
// Square-shaped waveform with the first half its maximum value
// and the second half its minimum value.
a = 0;
b = invOmega * ((n & 1) ? 2 : 0);
break;
case OscillatorType::Sawtooth:
// Sawtooth-shaped waveform with the first half ramping from
// zero to maximum and the second half from minimum to zero.
a = 0;
b = -invOmega * fdlibm_cos(0.5 * omega);
break;
case OscillatorType::Triangle:
// Triangle-shaped waveform going from its maximum value to
// its minimum value then back to the maximum value.
a = 0;
if (n & 1) {
b = 2 * (2 / (n * piFloat) * 2 / (n * piFloat)) *
((((n - 1) >> 1) & 1) ? -1 : 1);
} else {
b = 0;
}
break;
default:
MOZ_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE("invalid oscillator type");
a = 0;
b = 0;
break;
}
realP[n] = a;
imagP[n] = b;
}
}
} // namespace WebCore